If the kid in some kindergarten didn't like it right away, draw your own conclusions. A child, unlike adults, often immediately feels the general mood of a particular group. But keep in mind, if a child has an initial attitude “I don’t want to go to kindergarten” - he will reject any kindergarten, even the best one ...

One mother arranged for her daughter in a kindergarten, and began, of course, with an institution that was reputed to be exemplary in the area. There, they say, and active development, and swimming, and delicious food ... The manager greeted the visitors not very friendly. Nothing surprising - the head of the kindergarten, as a rule, is a busy person. But the tone was not very hospitable ... And most importantly, while walking in the hallway waiting, the girl looked into the group and saw the following picture: the kids are sitting decorously on chairs along the walls with their hands on their knees. This is the most active period of the day! The child frankly grimaced, and when they were nevertheless invited into the office and began to hint that it would not be easy to get into this institution, the three-year-old girl, without excessive diplomacy, declared: "Mom, let's go to another kindergarten!" And pulled mom to the door. (Please note - we will not go home at all, but we will look for another kindergarten!)

As a result, the girl "chose" an ordinary ordinary kindergarten, unremarkable, but when she first visited it, the mother and daughter saw a different picture: the teacher was carrying lunch to the group, and then two children proudly paced in white caps and aprons: one was carrying bread on a tray, and the other is napkins. And one more thing: while, as usual, they were waiting for an audience with the manager (who in the most benevolent tone asked them to wait a little), not a single educational voice from the group was heard in any raised tone. The fact that children in this kindergarten are raised quite actively, without suppressing their personalities, was liked by both mother and daughter. By the way, the kindergarten, in general, did not disappoint their expectations.

Decide what is important to you

For other adults, a good kindergarten is one where, in addition to general development, they will give a three-year-old baby a bunch of additional items, load him to the limit (for a lot of parents' money), and as a result, sometimes it turns out that the child will not receive general development. Will get tired. And as a result, he will fall out of love with the kindergarten, and classes, and communication.

To some, the garden closer to home seems to be the most attractive. Many people make a choice based on the external and internal "decoration" of the kindergarten - they say, are there carpets, are there many toys, have they been renovated ...

Well, your right to use any criteria. But remember: not you, but the child will go to the kindergarten. So maybe being close to home is justified in some way (if you don't have a car). After all, it is difficult for a small child to make a long journey on foot or in public transport at first. But in all other respects, take a closer look at the general mood of the team, at the spirit that hovers in this garden.

Meet the head of the kindergarten

A lot in the kindergarten depends on the head (more precisely, on the head, since the overwhelming majority of women work in this position). Your child will feel good in a kindergarten led by a supervisor who combines the qualities of a teacher and administrator equally. I will warn you right away: a balanced combination of these qualities is quite rare, often there is a frank bias in one direction or another.

Here is one option: at the head of the kindergarten - excellent teacher, loves children, respects educators. But at the same time, she completely lacks any administrative skills. And therefore it is difficult for her to control the recruitment of personnel and the quality of their work in the field. In one of these kindergartens, the headmistress conquered at first sight: a young, friendly, second education - a child psychologist, she loves children and, as they say, feels ... an alcoholic nanny. No matter how sad it was, I had to part with the kindergarten.

Second option: manager - born administrator(this is just the very representative institution that we talked about above). The staff is well-trained, the selection of personnel is tough, the supply and maintenance of the kindergarten is at the highest level (and this, too, must be able to organize ...) But at the same time - a rather cool attitude towards both children and educators. That is why the educators themselves, with all their professionalism, often fell out with the children (and so that there were no complaints in their work, they simply forced the children to sit on the chairs - you don’t want to be pointed out mistakes, it’s better not to do anything ...) As a result, communication with the children is exemplary - the indicative support was quite formal, which was clearly not good for the children. And the kindergarten actually attracted parents more, and then for the time being.

The third option is happy combination administrator and teacher. This is the kindergarten chosen by a three-year-old girl, whom her mother "attached" to a children's institution. Yes, here the manager most likely did not seek to make her garden exemplary, but most likely because she understood that this would not benefit the children and staff. But you can avoid unnecessary checks and allow educators not to formalize work with children, but, on the contrary, to make it active and close to the children themselves. On the other hand, the organization of work in the kindergarten did not suffer: there were no drunken nannies, no educators yelling at the children; children's theaters periodically came to the kindergarten, various holidays were organized throughout the year, an indispensable Christmas tree on New Year's ... This was not all over the place, but it was felt that the work in the kindergarten was organized primarily with love for children.

What to do if, upon entering the kindergarten, you are actively asked to pay some kind of bribe

Often this is framed with the words: "Well, how can you help our kindergarten?" Usually, a list of expensive purchases that parents need to make in order for their offspring to enter the garden are offered. Many parents agree to this - they say, there is nothing to do ... And others ask - to pay or not to pay? There is only one answer - do not pay if you get a job in an ordinary municipal garden, in which you are simply obliged to be taken for free, if, moreover, your "turn" has come up for this.

Remember the well-known "law of bribery" - where they once extorted money from you, they will extort money twice and three times, and why not? You paid once, and then prove that it was your long-term savings and you don’t have that kind of money anymore!

In general, in any case, when you are offered to pay, ask - for what? If you hope that after your bribe your child will be treated better in the kindergarten - most likely, all the children there entered the kindergarten on the same grounds, and your child will not be an exception ...

Of course, we are talking again about the most ordinary kindergarten. If you yourself decide to arrange a child in a private or specialized paid kindergarten, the fees for admission are agreed upon initially. But this is no longer a bribe, but the cost of a place. There, this fee is of a completely different nature, and you make the decision about this fee yourself. At least you know what you are paying for, and at the same time you get the right to demand the provision of paid services. And in the case of unauthorized "help to the kindergarten" from the pocket of the parents - what can you demand?

It is clear that our municipal gardens are in a very deplorable state, and sometimes they are forced to take such measures. But help to the kindergarten may well be not only financial!

In many kindergartens, parents themselves glue and wash the windows, bring flowers from home, as far as possible, food for birds and fish; dads fix lockers and children's furniture. And one mother frankly had no time to glue the windows, but having a computer and a printer at home, she typed and printed the documentation necessary for the kindergarten (since there was no such "luxury" in the kindergarten itself) ... This kind of help is quite natural, especially if to her do not coerce with force with threats to recoup the child.

Meet the educators

So, if you have chosen a kindergarten at the manager's level, get acquainted with those who work in the group that your child will attend.

Yes, given the level of salary that an employee of an ordinary kindergarten now receives, somehow the language does not dare to demand special zeal in work - although to the credit of educators I must say that most of them are still fanatics in an amicable way. Although there are also outspoken psychological sadists who are ready to work practically for free, but as compensation to be able to suppress people subordinate to them, even small ones.

When meeting educators, not only appreciate their character and desire to work with children, but also try not to stress them yourself. After all, the key to a successful visit to a kindergarten by a child is the contact of parents and educators, the ability and desire to mutually cooperate.

Naritsyn Nikolay Nikolaevich, psychotherapist, psychoanalyst

Choosing a kindergarten- it is a very painstaking business and does not tolerate haste. Psychologists, methodologists and thoughtful parents are unanimous: it is much better for a child from 3 years old to go to a good kindergarten than to sit at home with his mother, grandmother or nanny; walking in a bad one is immeasurably worse.

There is a rule that has long been formulated, which should be remembered when sending a baby to kindergarten: we are looking not so much for a kindergarten as for educators; parents should rely on their personal and professional qualities. After all, it depends on the first educator how the kindergarten fate of your child will develop.

A fairly reliable source of information is word of mouth. In advance, start collecting reviews about kindergartens in your area from neighbors, acquaintances, parents of "kindergarteners" on the playground, in the clinic, from the district doctor.

It is advisable to start choosing a garden no later than a year before the expected arrival, since there is a queue in good gardens. If you suddenly do not like the initially chosen option, there will be time to find and consider others.

After selecting the addresses of the institutions about which you learned something that interests you, go on an exploration. We advise you to take this book with you and put the pros and cons in front of each of the points listed below. When you come home, calculate all the pros and cons, think and discuss in the family: will you be calm for your child, leaving him for the whole day in this particular kindergarten.

Come to the kindergarten for a walk (approximately 10.30 am - 11.30 am). You need to start with a conversation with the head, then - an inspection of the garden and its territory.

Conversation with the manager

Ask the manager about the daily routine. Is there enough time for daytime sleep and walks, are the children overwhelmed with classes, is there morning exercises. Choose a kindergarten where the number of children in a group is no more than 15 and no less than 6.

If the group does not have an assistant teacher (nanny) and a second (shift) teacher - look for another garden, regardless of any arguments.

Remember, what is important is not the presence of a speech therapist and a psychologist on the staff, but how many children he will have to "lead". One psychologist (speech therapist, speech pathologist) for 70-80 children is not serious.

Find out if a nurse works in the garden, what her duties are, her work schedule, what preventive, health-improving and tempering measures are taken.

Check out the sample menu. Check if it changes depending on the season (in spring and autumn - more vegetables and fruits; not pea soups, but vegetable soups; not pasta and potatoes, but zucchini and cabbage). Is it possible to feed the baby separately if he is allergic?

Ask for information on activities, celebrations, music and sports activities, and the staff involved.

Standard set of disciplines:

• acquaintance with the outside world or ecology;
• games (role-playing, mobile, didactic);
• speech development (vocabulary replenishment, teaching correct pronunciation,
• coordination of words, drawing up an oral story about what he saw);
• acquaintance with children's literature (listening, retelling what has been read, memorizing
• by heart);
• mathematics;
• Painting;
• modeling;
• application;
• design;
• music lessons (listening to music, singing, musical rhythmic movements);
• physical education.
• In the preparatory group, literacy training is added.

If there are numerous additional activities in the kindergarten (logic, psychology, rhetoric, computer science, early learning to read, write, chess, etc.), carefully weigh whether your child really needs all these sciences, or it makes sense to give up something.

Experienced teachers and psychologists have found that a child is "ready" for the conscious perception of a large number of various "sciences" and knowledge only by the age of 5-6 and the total number of lessons throughout the day should not exceed four or five, including individual lessons.

Separately about a foreign language. The very idea of ​​learning a foreign language in early childhood is not bad. However, it must be borne in mind that early bilingualism can lead to delayed speech development or stuttering. This danger is especially real if the child is not just learning a language, but finds himself in a foreign language environment. You should also not engage in the production of sound pronunciation with children under 5 years old, as well as with children who have speech therapy problems.

Inspection of the premises and territory

While getting to know the kindergarten, pay attention to: how teachers and children talk to each other; how interested adults are in kids; whether they raise their voice; do they call by name; Do they organize gaming activities; whether they respond to requests and complaints from children. Your task is to understand whether they are ready to respect and understand your child here.

Pay special attention:

• to the exhibition of children's works;
• is there information for parents, recommendations of specialists;
• are the toys varied, are they available to children, are they matched by age, will they be interesting to your baby or are called upon to "show off", create a "bright spot" in the group;
• are there any corners for role-playing games;
• is there a place for drawing and designing in your free time;
• is there a book exhibition;
• if a separate place is not equipped for food, and meals and classes take place at the same tables, this is not so important. Much more important is whether this furniture is suitable for your baby in height and whether the wrong back of the chair will spoil the posture;
• whether there are specially equipped music and sports halls (in some gardens they can be combined, which is quite acceptable) is strictly mandatory.
• A hall with equipment for physiotherapy exercises is welcome, however, exercise therapy classes in no way replace ordinary physical education!
• are there hair dryers;
• are there special rubber mats and paths (if there is a sauna or pool in the garden);
• is there a special rest room at the sauna, or the steamed kids will have to immediately run to their group;
• for the cleanliness and safety of the washrooms.

Summarize:

1. The very first option is the most important and most commonplace: to interview parents whose children attend nearby kindergartens. It is they who will tell you how well or badly they take care of the children, whether the kids love the teachers, how the kindergarten is equipped, what kind of toys are there, and many more important details that no one else will tell you.

2. Pay attention to the territory of the kindergarten - how clean it is, whether it is cluttered with debris, whether the sandboxes and swings are broken. Naturally, there should be a playground on the territory, and the territory itself is fenced, and the gate leading to it is closed - do not be surprised, but many kids are so curious that they are trying to escape outside the kindergarten.

3. Get to know the staff, look at the environment in which your child will be. Are there enough toys? Is the room cozy? Do you like the teacher? Be sure to talk to the doctor who should be in the kindergarten.

4. Ask the manager about the program of the classes, the number of children in the group, ask them to tell you about the classes and the staff who conduct them.

A list of questions to ask the administration when choosing a kindergarten of any type:

• Find out the working hours of the preschool educational institution.
• Ask to show you the license and charter.
• Ask about programs and practices that educators work with.
• Pay attention to the number of children in the group and the number of educators.
• Ask to tell you about the staff.
• Ask about nutrition.
• Find out what groups there are in the garden.
• Ask what extra activities are available in kindergarten and how much they cost.
• Pay attention to the founders and sponsors of the kindergarten.
• Documents for kindergarten.

Let's say you have already chosen a suitable kindergarten, and this kindergarten is a municipal one. What documents are required to enroll a child there?

1. Medical card 20 with a note on vaccinations: polio, DPT, mumps, measles, Mantoux test (made no more than a year ago). Analyzes: blood (general), urine, enterobiasis, for eggs, worms (done no more than 10 days ago). Marks of doctors: orthopedist, ENT, ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, dentist, pediatrician (epicrisis and referral to the health group).

2. Birth certificate.

3. Insurance policy

What if there are no seats?

And what to do if you have already collected all the necessary documents, brought them to the head and heard that there are no places in the kindergarten? This is a typical situation at the moment, as most of the gardens are overcrowded, and even waiting lists are drawn up for 1-3 years in advance. In this case, you need to contact the district education department, and there they will definitely pick up another kindergarten closer to your home, where there are free places.

To avoid this situation, queue up early. This can be done officially - now in every kindergarten there are "Books for the account of future pupils". As soon as the baby is born, you come to the garden you like and enroll the child in this book. The manager will give you a notice of registration and will later inform you when the group will be completed. There are also preferential categories admitted to kindergarten out of turn - these are children from large families, children of the unemployed, children of refugees and displaced persons, children of student mothers, children of groups 1 and 2 disabled, children under guardianship, children whose parents are in military service, children of single working parents, children of judges, prosecutors and investigators, children of employees of educational institutions of the Education Department, as well as children whose brothers and sisters are already attending this garden.

How to understand the variety of preschool educational institutions? What educational programs are used and the conditions of stay. How to choose the right kindergarten?

Part I.

● What you need to know before choosing a kindergarten

In recent years, great changes have taken place in the preschool education system.

If earlier absolutely all institutions were considered nurseries-kindergartens and worked with children according to one common "Program of education and training in kindergarten", now the stories of two neighbors in the playground about kindergarten can be as different as heaven and earth.

And in order for your child to be among those who go to kindergarten, as on a holiday, you must take care to choose the best and most suitable for him.

It rarely happens that an urban family can afford the luxury parenting a child at home before school.

As a rule, if not after one and a half, then three years after giving birth, the mother goes to work. It remains to make a decision - who will be with the baby during her absence, will give him love, teach him and develop him comprehensively.

There are usually three options: grandmother, nanny and kindergarten, with most parents resorting to the latter social service.

Classification of kindergartens by focus - what they are

Kindergarten- the most common type of state preschool educational institution. In him supervision, care and health improvement, education and upbringing of children is provided.

• general developmental type;
• child development centers;
• compensating garden;
• combined kindergarten;
• health-improving kindergarten
• care and rehabilitation kindergarten;

There are four types of kindergartens according to affiliation and forms of management.

• municipal,
• departmental,
• private (commercial)
• home (family).

Depending on the type kindergarten the educational program, the number of children in the group, the quality of food and toys, and even in many respects the psychological atmosphere will vary.

Municipal kindergartens

The most popular type of kindergarten.

Has a small monthly salary and works strictly according to the developed educational methods.

A lot in them depends on the manager or director - under equal conditions, some kindergartens are known throughout the district, and parents try to take a queue there in a few years.

In the state kindergarten there is a "general educational program", walks, physical education, modeling, drawing and music, etc.

Some provide additional paid services that you can opt out of, even if all the other parents in the group want to use them.

Advantages of a municipal kindergarten:

• low cost. It is established by law and amounts to 150 rubles per month. There are categories of beneficiaries, for example, single mothers, mothers with many children, widows, etc.
• proximity to home. In addition to the fact that doctors do not recommend taking the baby to the kindergarten, if the road takes more than 20 minutes, in a nearby kindergarten near baby it will be possible to make friends with whom he can spend his free time on weekends.

Cons of a municipal kindergarten:

• too many groups. 25-30 people are not uncommon for a public kindergarten. As a result, for example, reading or writing still has to be taught at home, the teacher does not have time to explain incomprehensible moments to such a number of wards.
• poor quality of care and supervision, uniformity in classes. There is no question about the individual approach to each child. This is also partly due to the problem of "overpopulation".
• lack of any delicacies in the diet. If the child refuses to eat any food, he will have to stay hungry until the next meal.

Departmental kindergartens

They are not directly controlled by the Department of Education, their programs and procedures are determined by enterprises and organizations in whose department there is Kindergarten... Such kindergartens are more expensive, but the children of the company's employees are given discounts. There are not many departmental gardens now, and their number is decreasing.

Advantages of a departmental kindergarten:

• a relatively small (compared to the municipal) number of children in a group,
• better living conditions for children (again, compared to municipal gardens),
• thoughtful menu.

Cons of a departmental garden:

• rather high pay (up to several thousand),
• sometimes there are difficulties with the enrollment of children "from the outside".

Private kindergartens

Ideal in the absence of financial difficulties.

They usually work until 20-00 or 21-00, or around the clock.

Private kindergartens have a very intensive and rich development program. They, as a rule, are well provided with games and toys, visual aids, children can be taken out for a walk to the nearest forest park area.

Control over the work of non-state preschool educational institutions is carried out with the help of licensing, accreditation, certification programs and certification of teachers.

License(from Lat. lisentia "right") - permission to the right, or the right to perform certain actions, which can be certified (confirmed) by a document of the same name.

Certification(lat. certum - true + lat. facere - to do) is a form of confirmation of conformity of objects to the requirements of technical regulations, provisions of standards, carried out by the certification body.

Certification- confirmation of qualifications, level of knowledge and skills of a person - feedback, characteristics. The resulting appraisals the document is called a certificate.

Advantages of a private kindergarten:

• a small number of children in a group - about 10-12 people, the child receives enough attention
• children adapt more easily to kindergarten
• varied and delicious food, the ability to please every kid, an individual approach to children, which makes it possible to maximize their abilities. Several educators work in each group, speech therapists, psychologists, pediatricians, and subject teachers monitor the development of children.
• parents have the right to influence the educational process - for example, through boards of trustees. In particular, they can inspect the kitchen, demand a financial report, even attend class.
• many private kindergartens work according to the "kindergarten - school" system.

The only disadvantage of a private kindergarten is its cost.

Home kindergarten (family kindergarten)

One of the types of private kindergarten.

Usually it is supported by a married couple in my apartment, or founders rent a room, in which they equip a bedroom and a playroom.

They invite a teacher, a nanny and a cook, for older children - teachers of a foreign language, music, drawing.

Pros of home kindergarten

• maximum care and attention, no injuries, conditions close to home, to the life of a large family,
• a small number of children - 3-5 people,
• individual approach to nutrition.

Cons of home kindergarten

• very high pay,
• possible problems associated with a lack of equipment or room.

The rules for choosing a kindergarten are the same as in the previous case.

According to the level of education, preschool educational institutions (preschool educational institutions) are divided into categories:

The category of preschool educational institutions is assigned in accordance with the level of implementation of the educational program of preschool education, that is, how well this preschool educational institution (versatile, qualitative, effective, etc.) works.

Category I is a Child Development Center, that is, a preschool educational institution that implements an educational program in accordance with requirements that exceed the state educational standard (mandatory minimum) in all areas of its activities.

The largest group of kindergartens is category II preschool educational institutions:

Generally developing type;
- compensatory type (special, i.e. for children with speech, vision, hearing impairments, intellectual development, with cerebral palsy);
- supervision and health improvement (for children with impaired health);
- combined type (there are general developmental, compensatory and health-improving groups)

All good things have to be paid for. It's okay when everything is really good.

Continued on the 2nd page.

It rarely happens that an urban family can afford the luxury of parenting at home before school. As a rule, if not after one and a half, then three years after giving birth, the mother goes to work. It remains to make a decision - who will be with the baby during her absence, will give him love, teach him and develop him comprehensively. There are usually three options: grandmother, nanny and kindergarten, with most parents resorting to the latter social service.

In recent years, great changes have taken place in the preschool education system. If earlier absolutely all institutions were considered kindergartens and worked with children according to one common "Program of education and training in kindergarten", now the stories of two neighbors in the playground about kindergarten can be as different as heaven and earth. And in order for your child to be among those who go to kindergarten, as on a holiday, you must take care to choose the best and most suitable for him.

Classification of kindergartens by focus - what they are

Kindergarten is the most common type of public preschool educational institution. It provides supervision, care and health improvement, education and upbringing of children. Kindergartens differ in different educational programs.

General developmental kindergarten with the priority implementation of any direction or directions of development of pupils - physical, intellectual, artistic and aesthetic.

The kindergarten for supervision and rehabilitation functions with an emphasis on sanitary and hygienic, preventive and recreational activities and procedures.

Centre- Kindergarten. In such centers there are games and fitness centers, art studio, computer class, children's theater, swimming pool. An integrated approach is applied to the organization of work with children - physical and mental development, correction is carried out, and the emphasis is on intellectual and artistic and aesthetic development.

Combined kindergarten includes several different groups: general developmental, compensatory, wellness, as well as in different combinations.

Compensating kindergarten with priority implementation of qualified correction. These kindergartens accept children with various pathologies, for example, with mental retardation, with tuberculous intoxication, with musculoskeletal disorders, hearing impairments, speech impairments, visual impairments, intellectual impairments, and children who are often ill. These highly qualified doctors work, and special conditions are created for children - sometimes dietary meals, swimming pools, saunas, massage rooms, a small number of children in groups. In kindergartens of the compensatory type, they not only treat, but also educate and teach in accordance with a special program. These kindergartens have counseling centers where parents can get advice, advice on how to act in a particular case.

To get into a compensatory kindergarten, you need a pediatrician's referral and certificates from specialists in the kindergarten's profile.

Four types of kindergartens

In addition to the classification by focus, kindergartens are divided into four large groups: municipal, departmental, private (commercial) and home (family). Depending on the type of kindergarten, the educational program, and the number of children in the group, and the quality of food and toys, and even in many respects the psychological atmosphere, will vary.

Municipal kindergartens Is our own childhood. A lot in them depends on the head or director - under equal conditions, some kindergartens are known throughout the district, and parents try to take a queue there in a few years. In the state kindergarten there is a "general educational program", walks, physical education, modeling, drawing, etc. Some provide additional paid services that you can opt out of, even if all the other parents in the group want to use them.

Advantages of a municipal kindergarten:

• low cost. It is established by law and amounts to 150 rubles per month. There are categories of beneficiaries, for example, single mothers, mothers with many children, widows, etc.
• proximity to home. In addition to the fact that doctors do not recommend taking the baby to the kindergarten, if the journey takes more than 20 minutes, in the nearby kindergarten the child will have the opportunity to make friends with whom he can spend his free time on weekends.

Cons of a municipal kindergarten:

• too many groups. 25-30 people are not uncommon for a public kindergarten. As a result, for example, reading or writing still has to be taught at home, the teacher does not have time to explain incomprehensible moments to such a number of wards.
• poor quality of care and supervision, uniformity in classes. There is no question about the individual approach to each child. This is also partly due to the problem of "overpopulation".
• lack of any delicacies in the diet. If the child refuses to eat any food, he will have to stay hungry until the next meal.

Choosing the best municipal kindergarten

1. In many kindergartens, real queues line up. To send a three-year-old child there, you have to take the queue right after birth - and this, unfortunately, is not an exaggeration. You can take a queue in several kindergartens at once, so that there is time for the final choice.
2. Find out if there is a so-called "adaptation group" in the kindergarten. It is intended for young children who have never attended a kindergarten before.
3. Find out the opening hours of the kindergarten. All state kindergartens are divided into 12-hour, 14-hour and 24-hour. There is a ten- or five-hour stay mode. By the way, if educators are trying to demand from parents that they pick up babies earlier, this is their personal initiative, to which they have no right. The so-called "short days" are also a violation of the law, the kindergarten must work the same on all working days.
4. Pay attention to the number of children in the group and the number of educators. In municipal kindergartens, violations of the Model Regulations on preschool educational institutions (preschool educational institutions) occur, according to which there should be no more than 20 children and 2 educators in a group - one in the first shift and one in the second, with an assistant educator (nanny) working with them. They are staff members. But sometimes, due to insufficient funding, there may not be such an assistant, and the educator takes over all the functions of a nanny.

Departmental kindergartens are not directly controlled by the Department of Education, their programs and procedures are determined by enterprises and organizations in whose department the kindergarten is located. Such kindergartens are more expensive, but the children of the company's employees are given discounts. There are not many departmental gardens now, and their number is decreasing.

Advantages of a departmental kindergarten:

• a relatively small (compared to the municipal) number of children in a group,
• better living conditions for children (again, compared to municipal gardens),
• thoughtful menu.

Cons of a departmental garden:

• rather high pay (up to several thousand),
• sometimes there are difficulties with the enrollment of children "from the outside".

Choosing the best departmental kindergarten

There are two important points to consider when choosing:

1. Check that the kindergarten has a state certification and license.
2. Pay attention to how well the social base of the enterprise is provided, in whose department the kindergarten is located, how rich it is. Otherwise, you risk paying for dubious quality.

Private kindergartens- ideal in the absence of financial difficulties. They usually work until 20-00 or 21-00, or around the clock. Private kindergartens have a very intensive and rich development program. Private kindergartens, as a rule, are well provided with games and toys, visual aids, children can be taken for a walk to the nearest forest park area.

Control over the work of non-state preschool educational institutions is carried out through licensing, accreditation, certification of programs and certification of teachers.

Advantages of a private kindergarten:

• a small number of children in a group - about 10-12 people, the child receives enough attention
• children adapt more easily to kindergarten
• varied and tasty food, the ability to please every kid,
• an individual approach to children, which makes it possible to maximize their abilities. Several educators work in each group, speech therapists, psychologists, pediatricians, and subject teachers monitor the development of children.
• parents have the right to influence the educational process - for example, through boards of trustees. In particular, they can inspect the kitchen, demand a financial report, even attend class.
• many private kindergartens operate on a kindergarten-school system.

The only disadvantage of a private kindergarten is its cost.

Choosing the best private kindergarten

1. Pay attention to the proximity of the kindergarten to the home. Even a very good kindergarten will not work if the journey takes more than half an hour by car. By the way, in some private kindergartens, delivery of children to the institution and back is provided.
2. Check out the educational license, the charter of the institution and the contract. Find out if the kindergarten has a document for the area it currently occupies. The contract must contain a range of services provided, the terms of payment and the mode of the child's stay in kindergarten. All rights and obligations of the parties must be specified in detail and included in the contract. And in order to save yourself from unexpected expenses, find in the documents the phrase "the price paid under the contract cannot change during the child's stay in preschool."
3. Check out the menu. Examine the premises, toys, walking area, pay attention to the behavior of the teachers and their communication with the children.
4. Learn about the program and the methods used in the kindergarten. Find out which school the kindergarten is focused on - private or general education.
5. You can ask an additional question about the education of the one who runs the kindergarten and the qualifications of teachers, doctors and educators - in a good kindergarten you will be provided with detailed information. Ask who will be leading the special subjects.
6. Find out what kind of work the nurse and doctor are working on.
7. Pay attention to the duration of the kindergarten: five years for our country is already a solid period.

Home kindergarten (family kindergarten)- another type of private garden. Usually it is supported by a married couple in their apartment, or the founders rent a room in which they equip a bedroom and a playroom. They invite a teacher, a nanny and a cook, for older children - teachers of a foreign language, music, drawing.

Pros of home kindergarten

• maximum care and attention, no injuries, conditions close to home, to the life of a large family,
• a small number of children - 3-5 people,
• individual approach to nutrition.

Cons of home kindergarten

• very high pay,
• possible problems associated with a lack of equipment or room.

The rules for choosing a kindergarten are the same as in the previous case.

We are looking for the best kindergarten

1. The very first option is the most important and most commonplace: to interview parents whose children attend nearby kindergartens. It is they who will tell you how well or badly they take care of the children, whether the kids love the teachers, how the kindergarten is equipped, what kind of toys are there, and many more important details that no one else will tell you.
2. Pay attention to the territory of the kindergarten - how clean it is, whether it is cluttered with debris, whether the sandboxes and swings are broken. Naturally, there should be a playground on the territory, and the territory itself is fenced, and the gate leading to it is closed - do not be surprised, but many kids are so curious that they are trying to escape outside the kindergarten.
3. Get to know the staff, see the environment your child will be in. Are there enough toys? Is the room cozy? Do you like the teacher? Be sure to talk to the doctor who should be in the kindergarten.
4. Ask the manager for what program the classes are held, the number of children in the group, ask to tell you about the classes and the staff who conduct them.

If the choice of kindergarten is made

Let's say you have already chosen a suitable kindergarten, and this kindergarten is a municipal one. What documents are required to enroll a child there?

1. Medical record 20 with a note of vaccinations: polio, DPT, mumps, measles, reaction (made no more than a year ago). Analyzes: blood (general), urine, enterobiasis, for eggs (done no more than 10 days ago). Marks of doctors: orthopedist, ENT, ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, dentist, pediatrician (epicrisis and referral to the health group).
2. Birth certificate.
3. Insurance policy

"There are no seats!"

And what to do if you have already collected all the necessary documents, brought them to the head and heard that there are no places in the kindergarten? This is a typical situation at the moment, as most of the gardens are overcrowded, and even waiting lists are drawn up for 1-3 years in advance. In this case, you need to contact the district education department, and there they will definitely pick up another kindergarten closer to your home, where there are free places.

To avoid this situation, queue up early. This can be done officially - now in every kindergarten there are "Books for the account of future pupils". As soon as the baby is born, you come to the garden you like and enroll the child in this book. The manager will give you a notice of registration and will later inform you when the group will be completed. There are also preferential categories admitted to kindergarten out of turn - these are children from large families, children of the unemployed, children of refugees and displaced persons, children of student mothers, children of groups 1 and 2 disabled, children under guardianship, children whose parents are in military service, children of single working parents, children of judges, prosecutors and investigators, children of employees of educational institutions of the Education Department, as well as children whose brothers and sisters are already attending this garden.

To pay or not to pay?

Having a baby is an important step in the life of every family. After the baby is born, the lifestyle of the parents changes dramatically, and the whole world begins to revolve around one crumb. The baby grows up, and the time comes when the mother needs to go back to work, and the child needs to get acquainted with society and attend kindergarten.

At a certain stage of development, the child needs to go to kindergarten and interact with the team

Even the most active mothers, after the birth of a child, sometimes leave work and devote themselves completely to the family. Many women always have grandmothers and other kind-hearted relatives ready to sit with the baby. If you do not belong to either the first category or the second, then a couple of months after leaving the hospital, you need to take care of the early placement of the child in a preschool educational institution. The sooner you manage to do the selection of a preschool, the more chances that the kid will attend the best kindergarten.

Types of kindergartens

State

State preschool educational institutions include:

• municipal - budgetary institutions;
• departmental - controlled by individual large enterprises or departments, for example, the kindergartens of the Ministry of Defense, or the preschool educational institution JSC Stroimaterialy in Yekaterinburg.

The state municipal garden is familiar to most Russians from childhood. It is usually a large, brightly colored two-story building with a plot of land. The educational program for kids in the municipal preschool educational institution meets educational standards. The child will be provided with due attention: he will be fed, put to sleep and taken for a group walk once or twice a day, depending on the weather.

In the municipal kindergarten, children play, study, eat, walk and sleep

In the kindergarten, favorable conditions for physical education and music have been created for the child. For older children, there is a school preparation program.

Sometimes in the municipal gardens, parents are offered additional circles: choreography, learning foreign languages, artistic modeling and origami. As a rule, these are paid lessons, the cost of which is not included in the general payment for the kindergarten.

Departmental preschool educational institutions are under the control of a large enterprise or an entire department. Such preschool educational institutions are opened by the management of enterprises for the children of employees; it is very difficult for everyone else to get into departmental preschool educational institutions. Compared to municipal, departmental gardens have a number of advantages:

• there are fewer children in groups, which means that each of the kids receives a sufficient amount of attention from educators;
• the kindergarten constantly renews its fixed assets - in the groups there are modern furniture, high-quality toys, good playgrounds;
• additional control by the management of the department.

Departmental kindergartens have a good material base

Non-state

Non-state preschool institutions include:

• private kindergartens with one or more owners;
• home gardens - are created on the territory of a private house or apartment.

The territory of private kindergartens is several times smaller than that of municipal kindergartens, and children are recruited from infancy. Some private preschool educational institutions accept babies from the age of 9 months. The main difference between a private garden and a municipal garden is the price. A visit to a non-state kindergarten costs parents several times more. The price may vary depending on the age of the baby and the mode of visit: a full day or a group of temporary stay. The educational program is developed by garden specialists and may include music lessons, rhythm and physical education, additional lessons with a psychologist and speech therapist, and others. Children's nutrition is balanced, contains fruits and vegetables according to the season. For children with allergies, a separate dietary menu is being developed.

Family kindergartens are opened on the basis of an apartment or a private house. 4-6 pupils are accepted for visiting. The staff of the home garden is small - up to 5 people: an educator, nanny, cook, sometimes a teacher of additional education. The advantages of a family garden are a mini-team, homemade and delicious food, interesting activities. The disadvantages include the lack of its own site (not always), the high cost of visiting.

In the family kindergarten, the groups are small - the teacher's attention is enough for everyone

Criteria for choosing a municipal kindergarten

It is necessary to choose a kindergarten based on the following criteria:

• Location. The kindergarten must be chosen in the area of ​​residence or in the area of ​​work of one of the parents. It is desirable that the preschool is within walking distance. If the travel time takes more than 25 minutes on foot or by public transport, it is better to refuse such a preschool educational institution. In the morning, children wake up reluctantly - the thought that there is still a long road to kindergarten will provoke frequent whims.
• Mode of operation. The vast majority of kindergartens accept children from 7:00 to 19:00, but there are also groups where children are taken apart by 17:00. This question should be clarified with the teacher and agreed on the time at which it is convenient to bring and pick up the baby. Some non-state kindergartens finish their work at 21:00, family kindergartens sometimes work around the clock.
• Interior and exterior of the garden. This criterion is also worth paying attention to. If the groups have old furniture, wardrobes and cots, and there are few slides and horizontal bars on the site, this indicates insufficient funding. In such kindergartens, sponsorship parental contributions are not uncommon: for the replacement of windows, for blinds, for the repair of awnings and a veranda. A good indicator is a fresh renovation and neat playgrounds, serviceable swings and new furniture in groups.
• Safety. Pay attention to how many gates lead to the groups, what locks are on them, whether there are guards and electronic intercoms in the kindergarten.

If the kindergarten is located far away, parents will often face the whims and reluctance of children to attend it.

How to choose a private kindergarten?

Parents usually choose a non-state kindergarten for two reasons:

• the family has sufficient funds to pay for private groups;
• there are no places for the child in the municipal preschool educational institution / they do not take because of their early age.

If you decide to send your baby to a private kindergarten, and there is an institution you like nearby, then before making an advance payment, you should definitely talk to the management. This will let you know:

• does the organization have licenses and certificates to carry out educational activities;
• what rights and obligations each of the parties undertakes: what is the kindergarten responsible for, what services are included in the monthly payment of the preschool educational institution;
• what is the staff of educators and service personnel, does the staff have health books, does the preschool educational institution have a medical worker;
• how many children are in the group;
• who makes the menu, is there food for allergy sufferers.

Guided tours for potential pupils and their parents are encouraged in the private garden. See how the child reacts to the kindergarten, whether he likes everything. You, in turn, inspect the kitchen and dining room, gym for inventory, playroom and bedrooms, and check your daily routine.

To begin with, the child can visit the kindergarten as a guest

If possible, talk to the educators, because your child's desire to visit the garden depends on their mood and professionalism. Observe how the teacher communicates with the kids, whether his children are afraid, whether they make contact.

How to choose a family kindergarten?

Home gardens come in several directions:

• General developmental - in the kindergarten, they are engaged in the general development of children. The daily schedule includes physical education and music classes, children learn short poems, participate in theater performances by age.
• Convalescent kindergarten - vouchers are purchased for kids to a children's pool for complex classes or aqua aerobics, medical staff conducts preventive health measures. As a rule, such preschool educational institutions work according to the methodology of Dr. Komarovsky.
• Compensating - kindergartens are open for children with disabilities and developmental disabilities. In large cities, there are special kindergartens and groups for children with Down syndrome or autism.
• Development center - in kindergartens, emphasis is placed on the early development of children. Kids from three years old learn to read and write, sing and dance. The centers focus on the study of foreign languages, the development of computer literacy.
• Combined preschool educational institutions - can combine several directions. The cost of such a garden is usually much higher than usual. Here, the baby will not be deprived of the attention of educators and other specialists.

Revitalizing gardens often include a pool visit

Kindergarten cost

The cost of a visit is an important criterion that most parents pay attention to when choosing a preschool educational institution. Depending on the region, the cost of a state preschool educational institution varies from 1000 rubles per month. The cost may vary if the child goes to additional circles or classes. Also, in some municipal preschool educational institutions, parents are offered to transfer a small sponsorship contribution to the institution on a monthly basis - 100-200 rubles. Departmental preschool educational institutions make discounts and compensations for the children of their employees, so the cost of a visit can vary between 3,000-4,000 rubles.

A private kindergarten is more expensive. A month of visiting a non-state preschool educational institution will cost parents from 7,000 rubles, depending on the region and focus of the institution. Family groups are the most expensive preschool institutions. Their visit will cost the baby's parents from 9,000 rubles a month.

In many regions of our country, programs are envisaged to compensate for part of the cost of a kindergarten. If one child visits the preschool educational institution, then 25% of the cost will be returned to the parents' bank card. If two children go to the kindergarten, then the compensation is 50%, for three children the compensation will be 75% of the amount transferred to the preschool educational institution.

To receive compensation, you must submit the following documents to the accounting department of the kindergarten:

• the passport;
• birth certificate of a child;
• a receipt with the bank's mark of payment;
• bank card details of one of the parents;
• application for compensation.

Families with three children can receive significant compensation for the cost of kindergarten

Pros and cons of kindergarten

Municipal Garden: Pros

Choosing a preschool educational institution is one of the most important decisions for young parents. When looking for a garden, it is worth weighing all the pros and cons of nearby preschool educational institutions in order to stay at a kindergarten in which the child will be really comfortable:

1. The indisputable advantage of a public kindergarten is its cost. The low cost of visiting is due to the fact that the state and the municipal budget compensate for part of the cost of paying for the cost of the preschool educational institution.
2. About 2,000 preschool educational institutions are opened annually in Russia. This made it possible to almost completely reduce the queues at the preschool educational institution. Now parents can choose a kindergarten for their baby in any area, both near the house and next to work. To get a voucher, it is enough to collect a package of documents and issue a medical certificate.
3. The work of teachers and junior staff is strictly regulated by educational standards. The training programs have been worked out for years. The staff has special education, work experience and medical records.
4. Most state preschool educational institutions participate in the "Accessible Environment" program, which means that children with minor developmental disabilities are accepted into groups, but on condition that the kids do not show aggression.

Cons of the municipal garden

1. Kindergarten staff are usually paid rather low salaries, which explains the turnover and “chronic fatigue” of some teachers. On the other hand, the salary of the "children's staff" directly depends on the number of classes, open lessons and interesting holidays, so the income of educators depends on the quality performance of their work duties.
2. The reduction in queues to municipal preschool educational institutions was largely due to the enlargement of already existing groups. In cities with a population of over one million, the number of children in groups is up to 45 people.
3. A preschool educational institution with low funding does not always have the necessary qualified specialists: a medical worker, as a rule, works at a quarter of the rate - 2-3 hours a day. In kindergartens, there is often no speech therapist or psychologist.

Private garden: pros

1. A private kindergarten is a commercial enterprise set up for the purpose of making a profit. The main principle of management is to attract as many clients as possible to your garden. Parents are helped to choose the right group, they are offered excursions, open lessons, additional activities for kids.
2. Non-government gardens offer parents flexible visiting hours. Some institutions are open until 21:00. The management of the kindergarten can develop an individual visit schedule, including a round-the-clock stay of the baby in a group if necessary.
3. Staffing level. The staff of a private kindergarten must have a medical worker, speech therapist, psychologist, teachers of additional education: a teacher of a foreign language, choreography, swimming.

Private garden: cons

The main and main disadvantage of a non-state kindergarten is the cost. The price of a child visiting private groups is several times higher than the cost of a ticket to a municipal preschool educational institution. In addition, the state does not provide partial monetary compensation for parents whose children attend private kindergartens. The cost of the visit is recalculated if the child was absent for a month for a good reason.