Photo of the fetus, photo of the abdomen, ultrasound and video about the development of the child. Photo of the fetus, photo of the abdomen, ultrasound and video about the development of the child How much does the baby weigh at 28 weeks

Your pregnancy is 28 weeks. The child weighs about 1000-1100 grams, compared to his weight 10 weeks ago, he is "heavier" 10 times.

Weight has doubled in just 4 weeks! The size of the crumbs from the crown to the sacrum (sitting) is 24-25 cm, the length is about 35 cm.

Baby. What does a fetus look like at 28 weeks of gestation?

Your baby, curled up into a ball, continues to grow inside your body. Now it is comparable in size to a small balloon.

The child opens his eyes, they are no longer covered by the protective (pupillary) membrane. Eyes blink at regular intervals and can already distinguish the intensity of light.

The baby has eyelashes, eyebrows and hair on the head, and the vellus hairs on the body continue to grow.

Some babies are born literally fluffy, their hairs intensely "curly" on the back and shoulders, and may even scare a young mother. Do not worry, this "furry" is a temporary phenomenon and will disappear by itself in just a few weeks.

The cartilages of the nose and ears have not yet hardened and are slightly softer than that of a newborn. The bone tissue in the small body continues to actively strengthen. Every day the baby becomes stronger and stronger.

He explores the world around him, actively grabs and feels the umbilical cord and the walls of the uterus. Moreover, it is already obvious which hand he prefers: for example, the "right-hander" more actively waving his right handle, unbending it and sucking his fingers, the "left-hander" prefers to do the same with his left hand.

Gradually, you can choose and buy a variety of baby products that will be useful to you and your baby in the near future. At this time, expectant mothers pay attention to the following products:

and .

Development of internal organs and systems of the fetus at 28 weeks of gestation

The baby's heart beats at about 150 beats per minute. With active movements of the baby, it becomes more frequent, and slows down in a dream. Your baby may also respond with an increase in heart rate to voices. For example, mom's voice can make a small heart beat faster.

The baby shudders from harsh sounds and relaxes in the familiar sound atmosphere. Moreover, he learns to "speak", adopts the rhythm of the voice and your intonations. It is not for nothing that some young dads like to joke about the fact that there are familiar notes of mother's discontent in the cry and cry of the child.

The kid is sensitive to light. During the research, scientists brought a bright lamp to the belly of a pregnant woman and saw how the little man closed his eyes and turned away from the source of irritation. On the other hand, a dim, dim light arouses interest in the baby, he swims up to the light source and tries to touch it.

Now there has even been an unexpected suggestion that some babies, lying in the womb, do not want to turn their heads upside down, because they are very "interested" in the light of the laptop, which is used by the mother, holding it on her lap. Of course, this connection has not yet been officially proven.

The child's brain mass begins to increase, it becomes covered with grooves and convolutions. We can say that a decisive stage of development begins for the cerebral cortex.

Nerve cells ripen, nerve connections are strengthened. Your baby feels happiness and sadness, he can even become especially joyful, from the vivid emotions that his mother is experiencing, at the same time, he can feel real pain.

It is important to maintain good health and not get upset over little things, so that the intrauterine life of the baby is full of pleasant events.

The reproductive system continues to develop. In boys this week, the testicles descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. Girls develop labia majora before they cover the labia minora.

The most attention at this period deserves the activity of the baby. Babies spin and push more actively between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. That is, now, your baby's activity has reached its peak. Subsequently, you may notice that the child will have a certain system of alternating movement and rest. And closer to the end of pregnancy, due to its impressive size, the baby will turn only around its axis, and even then with difficulty.

Of course, it is worth considering the individual temperament of your child: he can be either a lazy sleepyhead or a noisy fidget. It makes sense to pay attention to a sharp change in the nature of your baby's movements. A sharp decrease in the activity of the baby, as well as a sharp activation, should alert the expectant mother.

If you notice any peculiarities in the nature of the baby's movements - go to your doctor, it is always better to make sure that the alarm is “false”.

When the child moves, you can make out the outlines of his body from the outside, pat on the head, back or pat on the bottom. In order not to worry in vain, from 28 weeks, some experts recommend the so-called Pearson test.

It consists in the fact that you purposefully measure the movements of the child for one hour. There should be at least 10 jerks. You count both jerking, pushing, wiggling, and even protruding of the arm or leg. All these movements indicate that the baby lives his own life and feels great inside your body.

Perhaps within an hour 10 movements you did not count, in this case, drink a glass of warm milk and lie on the bed. If your baby falls asleep, your calmness will wake him up. Count the movements again; on average, there should be at least 10 of them per hour. 8 or 12 are also normal, it is likely that you missed some signal of the baby, or he was too furious with your calmness.

However, if you are still worried, contact your doctor. The doctor will listen to the fetal heartbeat to relieve you of unnecessary anxiety.

You can only control your movements twice a day. The first time in the morning when the babies are imposingly overturned from side to side. The second time is in the evening, when the tendency to "somersaults" and kicks increases.

In general, the child's activity increases in the following situations:

Mom went to bed.

It is convenient for you, but not for the child, he begins to drum on the side on which you are lying, and also “spreads out” his arms and legs, as if increasing his living space. Here, as they say, "who will win."

You can be patient, or you can roll over to the other side to throw the mischievous person off balance, and yourself - persistent kicks (temporarily).

Mom had a good meal.

Your blood glucose levels are likely to rise after a delicious meal. This encourages the kid to have fun and somersaults, it is “tasty” and pleasant for him.

Mom was very upset or scared.

As a result, stress hormones began to be released and delivered to the baby. This situation, of course, is not good for the baby, it makes him worry, nervous and anxious to turn around.

At the same time, some scientists argue that short and not deep emotional experiences of the mother are useful for the baby. Thus, he feels the full gamut of human feelings and becomes more prepared for a stressful birth.

Keep in mind that now your child is already so developed emotionally that your gentle strokes and affectionate conversations can calm him down with increased mobility.

There are some important guidelines for how you need to eat to keep your baby comfortable. Your amniotic fluid changes its flavor depending on the food eaten, and your baby reacts to these shades. He feels literally everything.

Eat small meals.

With the simultaneous use of large volumes of food, an overflowing stomach will put pressure on the uterus, the likelihood of heartburn and belching is higher, it is difficult for the intestines to move large amounts of food, constipation, bloating, and other uncomfortable conditions for the expectant mother may occur. Try for pregnant women.

The child may also experience discomfort. After all, he hears well all the sounds of his mother's body, and the swollen organs of the gastrointestinal tract put pressure on his “house” and prevent the baby from moving and taking a comfortable position.

If you want to sleep at night, do not eat before bed.

A well-fed baby is ready for exploits and achievements. He has enough strength and energy to "kick" you with arms and legs.

Moreover, a densely filled stomach and swollen intestines "press" on the baby, why not blow them out too? The child is cramped and he can hurt you on the internal organs, demanding the release of the surrounding space.

Another point: in order to grow and develop, a small person needs to sleep for a long time, and the stimulation of his activity by nighttime overeating can negatively affect the nervous system. The child is simply very tired.

Therefore, try to eat dinner no later than two hours before bedtime. Ideally, finish your meal no later than 7 pm, but if your appetite grows later than this time, eat an apple, vegetables, or drink a glass of kefir.

No diets.

A hungry kid will be outraged no less than an overeating one. Only in this situation does he literally fight for his life.

If he lacks nutrients and building materials (proteins), he will rage within you, "demanding food."

Any changes in diet should be monitored by a specialist. Even if you are overweight, only a doctor can recommend the correct fasting days. Leaving your baby without the necessary vitamins and minerals, you risk giving birth to a weak, low birth weight baby.

Eat only fresh food.

A banal recommendation, and nevertheless it is very important during pregnancy. Only fresh products contain a sufficient amount of nutrients, and at the same time there are no toxins, elements of fermentation and decay processes. Smoked meats, pickles and canned food are “disrupters” of the work of your gastrointestinal tract and, in principle, for the expectant mother and her baby.

Some mothers-to-be are very anxious, feeling kicks from all sides at the same time. It may even seem to them that there is more than one baby in the stomach. As a rule, multiple pregnancies are successfully diagnosed early. Therefore, if twins or triplets are not confirmed, there is no doubt that your only baby is knocking everywhere and at once. In order not to frighten yourself once again with fantasies about twins and triplets, during the next one ask the sonologist to “carefully” consider how many people are rowdy in your stomach.

In later stages, pregnant women often try to "grope" the presenting part on their own and understand how the fetus is located. The most common question for expectant mothers at this stage of pregnancy is: "Is my baby lying right?" In most cases, by this time, the babies turn head down and often remain in this position, it is very difficult to turn back.

Some children are in the so-called “unstable” position for a long time, that is, they turn back and forth many times during the day. This is usually possible with a small fetal mass or in the case of a large amount of amniotic fluid.

In most cases, by this time, babies turn head down and stay that way until the moment of delivery. Since the baby's head weighs much more than anything else, it will be very difficult for him to roll over back.

Sometimes the baby is laid across the uterus - in the so-called "transverse" position. In such a situation, there is a small chance that the baby will not turn upside down, but, on the contrary, will lower the legs to the mother's pelvic region, which is not very good for natural childbirth. Now the pelvic, unstable or lateral position of the fetus does not mean anything yet. The kid has the opportunity to turn around correctly both in the very near future and a little later.

Until 34 full weeks, doctors, as a rule, do not focus on the position of the child, since there is enough room in the uterus for "maneuvers". If the situation with the lateral position of the fetus persists until the moment of delivery, doctors will recommend a cesarean section. Natural birth in a breech presentation of the fetus is possible, but they proceed longer and more difficult than a birth in a cephalic presentation. As a rule, natural birth in breech presentation is performed by highly qualified obstetricians-gynecologists with extensive experience. But you need to talk about this only closer to the 37th week of pregnancy.

Good news for all mums whose pregnancies were not going very smoothly. Babies born at 28 weeks have a fairly high chance of survival, although they certainly still need special care and constant medical supervision.

Due to the underdevelopment of the respiratory system, babies born before 34 weeks of pregnancy are kept in special boxes (“incubators”), where the correct (higher, as in the womb) air temperature is maintained and where they are ventilated.

During the nursing period of premature babies, they are injected with special drugs and nutrients that support vital functions.

Mum. What happens in a woman's body at 28 weeks of gestation?

Feel free to ask your doctor any questions regarding your condition. Now the uterus has risen 8 centimeters above the navel and 28 centimeters above the pubic bones. In terms of weight gain, you've probably put on 7.5-10.5 kilograms. The child is now growing quite quickly and the weight gain in the coming weeks will average about 500 grams per week.

You may notice small deposits of fat in the thighs, arms and abdomen.

Treat such an appearance calmly - this is a certain “protection” for your baby in case the expectant mother falls or other extreme situations. After giving birth, with some effort on your part, the body will quickly return to normal. Now is not the time to diet or overeat. Make sure your body is comfortable at work and at home. If your job involves wearing formal clothing, make sure that no part of your clothing interferes with your movement.

As for things for the house, here you have a place to turn around, get a soft, cozy suit, a comfortable bathrobe, and if you sleep dressed, then pajamas or a nightgown. All these clothes should give your body the maximum freedom. You can also wear it during breastfeeding.

Pay attention to your comfort, buy comfortable things:

comfortable;
beautiful;
stylish;

Keep in mind that the third trimester is a challenging period for kidney function. Since they continue to work for two, your diet should not contain initially salty foods (salted fish, homemade pickles, smoked meats), and you should not oversalt the dishes. Salt may be present in your diet, but it should be limited.

Spicy and salty foods contribute to fluid retention in the body, and, accordingly, the appearance of edema. Expressed and abrupt edema may be a sign of late. This disease occurs only in expectant mothers and can have a variety of manifestations. Gestosis is very insidious and dangerous, so if you notice that the rings become small, and the elastic bands from socks or trousers leave a visible mark, inform your doctor immediately.

Pay attention to the feeling in your stomach. Of course, you will "get" from the baby's jerks and movements, and I can also unpleasantly stretch the muscles and ligaments that support the uterus. Training contractions are considered normal, during which the abdomen tenses and hardens, but for a very short time (up to several minutes). Training contractions usually occur haphazardly, they are usually painless and last literally from a few seconds to several minutes.

If you feel a pulling sensation in your abdomen and this is not like training contractions, lie down comfortably, warm your stomach with your hands or with a warm blanket. Experts advise to adopt a fetal position, which will help relax the muscles and loosen them up. You can drink a soothing tea with valerian, warm milk, put a relaxing candle (papaverine or viburcol) in the rectum.

Uncomfortable sensations should go away within 15-30 minutes. If this happens, avoid physical activity and sexual relations for the next 2-3 days. If, despite all the measures taken, the pulling sensation (pain) does not go away after 30 minutes, contact your doctor or the emergency room of the nearest maternity hospital.

Call an ambulance immediately and go to the hospital if cramping abdominal pains become regular, lower back pain, spotting or amniotic fluid leakage have been added to them. Any of these symptoms may indicate onset.

Sensations at 28 weeks of gestation

The longer the gestation period, the harder it is for brisk walking or climbing stairs. Simple actions can cause shortness of breath and heart palpitations, which is not surprising. Considering that the volume of fluid in your body is increased, and the heart has a significant additional load, it becomes very difficult to maintain uniform breathing and pulse.

Try to maintain your posture and avoid arching your spine. In general, during pregnancy, it is the spine that has a significant load. The center of gravity of your body is shifting due to the rapidly growing tummy. You may feel a little awkward, there is an involuntary desire to arch your back, and it becomes much more difficult to look under your feet. The risk of stumbling or twisting your leg increases.

Therefore, try to get up and move smoothly so as not to disturb the coordination of movements. Wear comfortable shoes and avoid high and unstable heels. To strengthen your back muscles and relieve stress on the spine, try swimming or special exercises for pregnant women.

Itching may occur due to overstretching of the skin. Some expectant mothers develop bright red vertical stripes on their belly -. This is perhaps one of the most unpleasant manifestations of pregnancy, which, unfortunately, does not completely disappear after childbirth. It is possible to remove stretch marks (striae) only after completion and using rather expensive modern cosmetic techniques, such as mesotherapy or laser resurfacing. Please note that such techniques are time consuming and expensive. To reduce the likelihood of stretch marks, it makes sense to use. When going out into the open sun, take for pregnant women.

Alternatively, in order to prevent the formation of stretch marks, you can rub citrus or almond oil into the skin of the abdomen. Olive oil helps to maintain the elasticity of the skin. Unfortunately, even with the use of the most modern and most expensive means of preventing the formation of stretch marks, it is not always possible to achieve a positive effect. Much depends on the genetic characteristics of your body, on the original structure of your skin. But using these tools, you can always reassure yourself that you have done everything possible in order to avoid them. And skin care itself will surely give you pleasure.

Sometimes already in this period of pregnancy, the uterus begins to press on the sciatic nerve. The unpleasant sensations appear unexpectedly and spread to the thigh, sometimes even reaching the knee and ankle. We can say that the pain is aching and periodically “shoots” in the leg. Of course, it is more than unpleasant to endure such sensations, but there is no cure for them.

You can try to stand on all fours or ask the baby to sit in the uterus in a slightly different way. In rare cases, as directed by a doctor, ointments, wearing a bandage, or massage are used.

The enlarged uterus leaves less and less space for the rest of the organs and presses on the diaphragm from below. Heartburn, constipation, pain in the hypochondrium, stretching on the sides and in the abdomen, heaviness in the lower extremities continues. Moreover, you may notice the appearance of a vascular network, "stars" on the legs.

From the 28th week, the uterus will begin to grow even faster, so the prevention of varicose veins is extremely necessary. When resting, be sure to place your feet on a raised platform.

If signs of varicose veins begin to appear, wear special compression maternity underwear. Tights will support the walls of blood vessels without pinching the lower legs. Ideally, the selection of compression garments should be handled by a phlebologist (vascular surgeon), whose task is to choose the right model for you, the degree of compression and the appropriate size.

Unfortunately, some expectant mothers have a genetic predisposition to diseases of the venous system. For such women, the doctor may recommend an ultrasound scan of the veins of the lower extremities.

The chest continues to grow, veins appear more and more clearly on it. Colostrum appears or continues to be secreted. It should be noted that the presence or absence of colostrum during pregnancy does not in any way affect milk production after childbirth. So don't worry anyway. Do not squeeze out the liquid, just wash your breasts with cool water and use special ones so as not to spoil your underwear and observe special and natural personal hygiene.

At 28-32 weeks of pregnancy, women with Rh negative blood type are prevented from Rh sensitization. Of course, this is preceded by a blood test for antibodies. The main method of preventing Rh sensitization is the injection of anti-Rh immunoglobulin.

It must be said that after the 25th week of pregnancy, the expectant mother acquires that very cherished roundness, which becomes clearly visible to others. Now the tummy looks neat and attractive, which is especially emphasized by stylish or feminine ones. Such purchases can give you special pleasure, so organize yourself a pleasant shopping.

Insomnia may bother you. Of course, there are many reasons for her: these are frequent rises "to the toilet", and nocturnal heartburn, and the inconvenience of lying down, and thoughts about future childbirth and the baby.

Do not take sedatives or even "harmless" herbal tinctures without consulting your doctor. They may have side effects that you don't want.

Try to walk more before bed and avoid overeating before bed. Identify what calms you, such as watching a movie, listening to music, or doing a hobby like reading, knitting, or painting.

Another phenomenon may also arise - vivid, colorful dreams. They can sometimes be frighteningly naturalistic. Don't worry and take night visions seriously. In essence, they reflect your desires and fears about childbirth. The expectant mother needs to get enough sleep, so rest as soon as possible, it is very good if you take a nap as a rule.

Perhaps you are now starting to feel fear of the upcoming birth. Such a mood can be considered normal, especially if the former. The process itself is not yet clear to you, it scares the forthcoming, cultivated to the masses, pain. You think it over, or vice versa, try to avoid thinking about the process of giving birth, thereby blocking the natural, natural process.

You need to try, first of all, to tune yourself not to the pain of labor, but to a meeting with the long-awaited baby, so that every future contraction, or every minute of the operation, brings this exciting moment closer.

Experts have established a link between the grueling work of a pregnant woman and the birth of a small fetus, early separation of the placenta or onset. "Sedentary" work and prolonged stay "on legs" contributes to the occurrence of blood stagnation in the small pelvis, constipation,

Observe the regime of work and rest. Plan your work so that you can finish all the important things before you go on maternity leave - it is just around the corner! In Ukraine, expectant mothers go on maternity leave at 30 weeks of pregnancy, unless otherwise specified in their employment contract. The duration of the maternity leave is 126 days. An exception to this rule is pregnant women who have certificates of victims of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Their maternity leave lasts 180 days and starts at 27 weeks.

Analyzes and studies at 28 weeks of gestation

Blood pressure measurement;
Listening to the fetal heartbeat;
Glucose tolerance test (24-28 weeks);
General urine analysis;
Clinical blood test.

This is interesting at the 28th week of pregnancy

A few words about maternal love. Sometimes it may seem to a pregnant woman that she is filled to the brim with this feeling. Each cell of a woman's body carries the feeling that now she and the child are a single whole, and nothing, no one can break this connection. Such a future mother lives in her own world, she is “immersed” in her condition, and any worldly concerns and problems do not bother her.

On the other hand, not all women experience such strong emotions, but rather simply “bear” their heavy burden. Sometimes they feel joy about this, and sometimes they are annoyed that now their body does not belong completely to them.

Of course, happy, harmonious mothers are calmer and more focused on themselves and their feelings. Pragmatic mothers are more often nervous and angry with their position. Both are normal.

In fact, maternal love may not arise immediately, not from the first thought that you will have a child, not at the moment of the first movement of the baby, or even after childbirth.

"To love" is a verb. And this means that you need to "do something and do something constantly" for this "love" to manifest. Some women say that for the first time they feel all-encompassing love only the moment they dress their baby, or see the baby's blissful smile after feeding. Mother's love needs to be learned, mastered, like any other life knowledge.

And the fact that you are tired of pregnancy, and then get tired of the process of childbirth, does not mean at all that you do not love the little man who grew up and was born thanks to you. It just takes time and effort to fully manifest this love.

Something about dad at 28 weeks pregnant

Since with each new day of pregnancy, the expectant mother plunges into herself and the thoughts of the baby, some women forget about their own beauty. Many people stop supporting fashionable haircuts, stop caring for their face and body, and do not use cosmetics.

Of course, it may seem to you that a big belly, hypothetically “thick” legs hidden under this very belly, an awkward gait or plump lips are completely devoid of attractiveness, but this is not so.

A man looks with pleasure, tenderness and tenderness at a woman who carries his child within herself. If at the same time a woman is well-groomed, neatly combed and stylishly dressed, he also feels proud, seeks to show his beautiful partner to colleagues and friends. For a man it is a matter of prestige.

Of course, that expectant mother who gave up on herself is likely to be deprived of joint walks and pleasant meetings with mutual friends. Now, if there are no medical prohibitions, it is important to pay a man and sexual attention. Since after childbirth, you will be recommended to abstain for a period of at least 1-1.5 months, you can now discuss with your partner exactly how you will please each other in moments of intimacy, but without direct sexual contact.

Remember (and be sure to talk about this with your man) that the sensitivity of different parts of your body can change. For example, your breasts are likely to become much more sensitive. This requires "correction" in the usual caresses. Pay attention to the fact that during intimacy you will definitely feel comfortable. So that nothing crushes anywhere, does not squeeze, etc. It is important to understand that now you and your comfort are the main thing.

Mom's store.

At the 28th week of pregnancy, the baby takes a large amount of vitamins, trace elements, nutrients from the mother's body. It is important that all of them are present in the food and vitamin supplements used.

Vitamin A (retinol). The daily amount is 2500 IU. Participates in the formation of optic sticks and cones, prevents congenital blindness in a child. Supports placental function. Beneficial for the mother - improves skin condition, prevents brittle nails. Retinol deficiency is determined by excessive dryness of the skin, cracks in the corners of the mouth, and decreased visual acuity. Products - cod liver, chicken eggs, butter, cottage cheese, carrots.

Vitamin B1 (thiamine). The daily amount is 1 mg. Participant in protein, fat, carbohydrate metabolism. Ensures the correct functioning of the nervous system, heart. Prevents the development of polyneuropathy. The deficiency is determined by the weakness, irritability of the expectant mother. With a pronounced shortage, indigestion is observed. Products - rye and wheat bread, spinach, potatoes.

Reviews about maternity hospitals
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Vitamin B2 (riboflavin). The daily amount is 2 mg. An important participant in metabolism. It is necessary for full-fledged hematopoiesis in the fetus, participates in the formation of protective antibodies. The deficiency is determined by cracks on the lips, dry mouth, the appearance of skin rashes. Products - beef liver, mushrooms, chicken eggs, buckwheat.

Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid). The daily amount is 25 mg. It is a part of enzymes, improves blood microcirculation. Prevents intrauterine hypoxia. The deficiency is determined by indigestion, brittle hair and nails. Products - rye bread, potatoes, beets, buckwheat, beef.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). The daily amount is 2.5 mg. Important for the formation of fetal blood cells. Useful for the expectant mother - improves mood, makes it easier to fall asleep, reduces nausea. Deficiency is determined by sleep disorder, bad mood, muscle spasms. Products - potatoes, carrots, nuts, apples, oranges.

Vitamin B9 (folic acid). The daily amount is 400 mcg. Supports the functioning of the nervous system, is part of hormones, nucleic acids. Reduces the risk of developing eclampsia. The deficiency is determined by excessive irritability, insomnia, impaired appetite. Products - bran, whole grain bread, chicken eggs, yeast, herbs.

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin). The daily amount is 4 mcg. Prevents the development of anemia in the mother and fetus, maintains blood pressure in a woman. Normalizes nervous activity, emotional state. The deficiency is determined by a burning sensation and redness of the tongue, goose bumps, tingling in the fingertips. Products - beef liver and kidneys, egg yolk, sea fish, cottage cheese, kefir.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The daily amount is 75 mg. Strengthens the immune system, protects against colds. Prevents fragility of blood vessels, reduces the risk of uterine bleeding. Improves iron absorption. The deficiency is determined by dry skin, hair loss, bleeding gums. Products - potatoes, gooseberries, oranges, lemons.

Vitamin D (calciferol). The daily amount is 400 IU. Provides absorption of calcium and phosphorus, participates in the construction of bone tissue. The deficiency is determined by joint and bone pain. Products - cod liver, egg yolk, cottage cheese, milk.

Vitamin E (tocopherol). The daily amount is 10 IU. Prevents cell damage, stimulates the formation of antibodies. It is a part of hormones, skin collagen and cartilage. Supports placental blood flow. The deficiency is determined by muscle weakness, dry skin, the appearance of skin rashes. Products - beef liver and kidneys, sea fish, potatoes.

Vitamin H (biotin). The daily amount is 50 mcg. Supports the functioning of the fetal nervous system. Regulates glucose utilization, reducing the risk of gestational diabetes. The deficiency is determined by the oily skin, the appearance of acne, dandruff. Products - beef liver, nuts, sunflower seeds.

Reviews about maternity hospitals
in the town:

Moscow St. Petersburg Krasnodar Yekaterinburg Novosibirsk Rostov-on-Don Chelyabinsk Almaty Kazan Nizhny Novgorod Kiev Samara Ufa Voronezh Omsk Krasnoyarsk Volgograd Perm Saratov Minsk Tyumen Barnaul Astana Sochi Orenburg Tolyatti Kharkiv Ulyanovsk Irkutsk Astrakhan Penza Kaliningrad Odesa Lipetsk Stavropavl Dnepropetrovsk Tver Bryansk Kemerovo Izhevsk Tomsk Naberezhnye Chelny

Iron. The daily amount is 3 mg. The main component of hemoglobin, prevents the development of anemia, intrauterine hypoxia. Reduces the risk of premature birth. The deficiency is determined by weakness, dizziness, bleeding. Products - meat, apples, buckwheat, pomegranates.

Iodine. The daily amount is 200 mcg. Supports thyroid function. Prevents the development of congenital cretinism. The deficiency is determined by weakness, fatigue, edema, decreased mental activity. Products - sea fish and seaweed.

Calcium. The daily amount is 1000 mg. The main component of bone tissue. Provides firm bones, reduces the risk of fractures. The deficiency is determined by brittle hair and nails, bone pain. Products - milk, cottage cheese, kefir, herbs.

Potassium. The daily amount is 5000 mg. Provides saturation of the body with oxygen, prevents intrauterine hypoxia. Regulates cardiac activity, maintains blood pressure. The deficiency is determined by the feeling of a rapid heartbeat, unstable blood pressure. Products - tomatoes, dried apricots, herbs, bananas.

Cobalt. The daily amount is 3 mcg. Reduces the risk of anemia, regulates nervous activity. Improves sleep and mood. The deficiency is determined by irritability, skin rashes. Products - sea fish.

Magnesium. The daily amount is 300 mg. It is a part of hormones, supports cardiac activity. Prevents muscle cramps. The deficiency is determined by irritability, insomnia. Products - cheese, nuts, rye and wheat bread, herbs.

Copper. The daily amount is 1.5 mg. It is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, some hormones and enzymes. Participates in the metabolism. The deficiency is determined by the weakness, pallor of the skin. Products - beef liver, buckwheat, seaweed.

Sodium. The daily amount is 1500 mg. Responsible for water balance in the body, regulates cardiac activity. Deficiency is determined by dry mouth, thirst, muscle cramps. Products - salt.

Chromium. The daily amount is 25 mcg. Reduces the need for sweets, reduces the risk of developing gestational diabetes. Chromium deficiency is rare. Products - milk, nuts.

Important! A multivitamin complex must be chosen on the recommendation of a doctor - your obstetrician-gynecologist and / or therapist.

The 28th obstetric week of pregnancy has come, which means that very little is left to wait until the first meeting with the baby. With multiple pregnancies, a woman already goes on maternity leave, and with a singleton, only two working weeks remain before it.

What Happens at Week 28

At the 28th week of pregnancy, many expectant mothers who have a negative Rh factor require an injection with the introduction of immunoglobulin. It is necessary so that the woman's body does not produce antibodies to the child's blood, which can lead to his intrauterine death. A conflict of Rh factors is possible in 75% of cases, provided that the father has a positive blood type.

Starting from this period, the expectant mother needs to visit a gynecologist every 10-14 days to examine and determine the correct development and course of pregnancy. This frequency is necessary for the doctor to timely identify all possible complications of the last trimester - diabetes mellitus, edema, preeclampsia, the risk of premature birth.

A baby at 28 weeks gestation is no longer considered a fetus, but a person. Even in the event of a premature birth with a tragic outcome, the mother is issued a birth certificate in accordance with the legislation. Until that time, such an outcome is considered a miscarriage.

Changes in a woman's body

The pressure of the uterus on all internal organs causes the following symptoms:

dyspnea;
heartburn;
increased urination;
constipation;
pain similar to sciatica, arising from the pressure of the uterus on the sciatic nerve;
swelling, etc.

A woman's well-being may worsen, which is associated with the rapid growth of the abdomen and overexertion. Slight weakness, fatigue and dizziness are normal during this period of pregnancy. But if these symptoms are accompanied by a rapid heartbeat and loss of consciousness, it is important to urgently consult a specialist.

The twenty-eighth week may begin with increased soreness in the back and lower back, which is associated with a change in the center of gravity, stretching of the muscles, softening of the ligaments and joints. But all these processes help the body and body prepare for the upcoming birth.

Feelings of a woman

Due to the large abdomen, worries and hormones, the expectant mother may suffer from insomnia. Cramps often appear in the legs. The mammary glands continue to prepare for the upcoming breastfeeding. On the chest, the venous pattern is more and more clearly visible, and colostrum can be released from the nipples, which in no case should be squeezed out.

The pleasant and sometimes painful sensations include the movements and kicks of the baby. When the mother is in motion, the child, as if in a cradle, is rocked and falls asleep. As soon as a woman sits down, the baby makes itself felt with active movements.

Belly and uterus

The belly at the 28th week of pregnancy in the expectant mother continues to grow actively, which leads to a change in the center of gravity and gait. The stress on the spine and lower back can cause pain in the back and lower back. Due to the intensive growth of the abdomen, stretch marks and itching may appear. This is due to the strong tension on the skin.

The uterus increases in size every week, and its walls stretch, which can lead to painful sensations in the mother. The height of its bottom above the pubic articulation is already 28 cm. It protrudes noticeably forward, since it no longer has enough space in the abdominal cavity.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, false contractions appear. This is a normal physiological phenomenon that does not cause discomfort.

In the case when uterine contractions occur with intense prolonged pain, special frequency and regularity, and bleeding from the genital tract also appears, this is already an alarming sign indicating placental abruption or premature birth at 28 weeks of gestation. The chances of surviving a premature baby are high. Therefore, with such symptoms, urgent hospitalization of a pregnant woman in a medical institution is required.

Weight gain

The passion for a woman's weight by the seventh month of pregnancy is about 7.5-10 kg, which depends on various parameters - age, metabolism, type of constitution, body mass index. Usually, women who are lean and thin before pregnancy may have more weight gain. It is important to ensure that the weekly increase does not exceed 350-400 g.

With a significant increase in the body weight of a pregnant woman, it is recommended to limit the use of flour and sweet dishes, replacing them with fresh vegetables, fruits, lean meat, milk and dairy products.

Fetus at 28 weeks

The baby's weight and height continues to increase at 28 weeks of gestation. By the beginning of the seventh month, a child is similar in size to a head salad. His weight is already about 1100 g, and his growth from crown to heels is about 35 cm. Active weight gain has mainly occurred in the last two months.

The baby looks more and more like a newborn baby. His subcutaneous fat increases every day, due to which he becomes more and more plump. He can already distinguish voices and rejoices when he hears the voice of his mother. Therefore, you should talk to the baby more often and sing lullabies to him.

On the eyelids of the baby, there are already cilia, and on the head there are hairs that already have color. Toenails and fingernails continue to grow intensively.

A child, while awake, opens his eyes and sees the world around him blurry, because the pupillary membrane has not yet formed in them by this week. The baby is able to distinguish between light and darkness, but his vision, even by the time of birth, will not be clear and perfect. The eyes of all children are blue before birth, but after their color may change.

From the 28th week of pregnancy, fetal development continues in the brain, nervous and respiratory systems, and the laying of milk and molars takes place, and vision improves. Surprisingly, at this stage of development, electrical activity already exists in the baby's brain, which means that the baby has dreams.

The baby's heart beats at a frequency of about 150 beats per minute, and the beating accelerates when the baby hears the voice of his mother.

In a child, all the endocrine glands are actively working - the thyroid gland and the pituitary gland, so he can compensate for the lack of hormones coming from the mother's body. During this period, he also forms his own metabolism.

The baby can already taste the amniotic fluid, which changes with the mother's diet. When a child does not like the taste of amniotic fluid, then he notifies his mother about this with the help of active movements and kicks. This often happens when the expectant mother eats spicy food.

If a pregnant woman has recently saturated the body with glucose by eating a sweet product, then the baby, having received a large portion of energy, also begins to move more actively.

Even in spite of the fact that the child sleeps most of the time, it is already possible to determine his approximate sleep and wakefulness regime.

The fetus at the 28th week of pregnancy is quite active and occupies almost the entire uterine cavity, so the expectant mother clearly feels its movements. If the placenta is located on the back wall, then along the anterior abdominal wall, the woman can see rolling and tubercles that appear during the movements of the baby.

Basically, by the beginning of the third month, the baby is in the correct position - head down. But if he is still in breech presentation, the expectant mother will need to actively perform special exercises. These actions will help the baby to take the necessary position before giving birth, which will facilitate his exit into the light.

Discharge from the genital tract

Normally, the 28th week of pregnancy is characterized by light (transparent, milky or yellow) discharge in moderation, without a pungent odor and other impurities.

Any changes in their condition, consistency and color may indicate pathologies:

Abundant watery discharge - leakage of amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid can leak either slightly or strongly. Very often, an increase in such discharge occurs with a horizontal position of a woman;
Bloody discharge - Premature labor or presentation and placental abruption. The nature and shade of such secretions can be very different smearing, brown, scarlet, etc. Usually, such discharge is accompanied by cramping and pulling pains in the lower back and lower abdomen;
Dairy with flakes - thrush caused by the candida fungus;
Purulent - infections of the genital organs.

Any deviations from the norm require immediate medical advice.

Possible problems and complications at 28 weeks

One of the most terrible problems during this period is the threat of premature birth.... This can happen due to the failure of the cervix, in the case of genital infections, hormonal disruptions, rubella. And also the baby can be born prematurely due to various pathologies of the structure of the uterus, with polyhydramnios, etc.

Childbirth at 28 weeks of gestation can end safely if a woman goes to a medical facility on time. After all, premature babies need special care, equipment and timely assistance.

Other possible problems during this period of pregnancy include:

diabetes mellitus during pregnancy;
placental insufficiency;
leakage of amniotic fluid;
preeclampsia;
intrauterine growth retardation.

Any infection of the genitals during this period can lead to cervical insufficiency and leakage of amniotic fluid.

Complicating this pathology is its almost asymptomatic course, so the expectant mother may not notice any changes in her body, except for a slightly increased volume of vaginal discharge. To determine the presence of amniotic fluid in the discharge, a special text will help, which is usually produced, if suspected, at a gynecologist's appointment.

To prevent possible complications and pathologies of pregnancy, it is important for a woman to carefully monitor her health, maintain hygiene and improve immunity. Particular attention is paid to the condition and health of a woman with twins. Indeed, with multiple pregnancies, the risk of premature birth and other pathologies increases significantly. That is why a woman goes on maternity leave 2 weeks earlier.

Physical activity and prolonged standing in an upright position (for example, standing) should be limited, since they can provoke placental abruption. It is also important for the expectant mother to carefully monitor her condition with high blood pressure and a tendency to varicose veins.

Necessary medical tests

Expectant mothers with a negative Rh factor in pregnancy after the twenty-eighth week are prescribed a special test to determine antibodies in the blood. This is required in order to timely diagnose the conflict between the mother and the fetus. To prevent pathology, the introduction of immunoglobulin is required.

At the twenty-eighth week, a woman, when undergoing a routine appointment with a gynecologist, takes general tests (blood and urine) to control the level of sugar, iron and identify protein in the urine.

Uzi

You should be aware that the 28th obstetric week of pregnancy is not planned for ultrasound examination, therefore it is usually not performed during this period. After all, the second screening examination has passed, and the time for the last third has not yet come. But in some cases, as directed by a doctor, or at her own request, a woman can go for an ultrasound scan at 28 weeks of pregnancy.

Medical indications requiring examination include:

The absence of a second screening examination, which usually takes place in the interval of 22-24 weeks;
Pathology of the amniotic fluid, such as oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios;
Delayed intrauterine development of the fetus;
Violation in the work of the baby's heart, as well as in other pathologies that threaten the bearing and health of the child.

The specialist, using fetometric measurements, assesses the development of the baby. Also, the doctor on the screen of the device evaluates the anatomy of the child and his organs, the degree of maturity of the placenta, its location, thickness and structure.

The sonologist examines the amniotic fluid to assess the amount, as well as the umbilical cord, in order to exclude its pathology.

When preparing food, it is advisable for the expectant mother to limit the use of salt, since it complicates the release of fluid from the body and can lead to severe edema on the arms and legs. But in hot weather, you should not limit fluid intake, since dehydration can provoke the onset of labor.

To assess the correct development of the fetus, it is important to count the number of movements, as well as assess their nature. The lack of movement of the baby or, conversely, too active and frequent tremors can talk about pathologies, in this case it is important to consult a gynecologist.
As mentioned earlier, in the 28th obstetric week of pregnancy, there is an intensive growth of the abdomen, which provokes the appearance of stretch marks. Itching and profuse scratching at the same time increases their number. To prevent stretch marks, it is recommended to use specialized moisturizers and oils, as well as homeopathy (for example, apis). Any oil is suitable, for example, olive oil. It nourishes dry pregnant skin, making it more elastic.
It is important for women with delicate breast skin to start from the seventh month to prepare her for the upcoming breastfeeding. To do this, you can put pieces of rough fabric in the bra. This will help to make the skin on your nipples denser and make breastfeeding easier. But it is not recommended to massage and rub them, as this can provoke the onset of labor.
The doctor may advise expectant mothers who are on their feet for a long time to wear a bandage. It will greatly ease the increased stress on the woman's spine and relieve pain.
A pregnant woman, as before, is advised to walk more often in the fresh air and avoid crowded places.
Women, especially primiparous women, more and more often have a fear of the upcoming birth. To calm down a bit and learn more about the process, special courses will help.
Intimacy in the absence of contraindications will not harm the baby. At the same time, the child will even receive positive emotions, because there is an emotional connection between him and his mother. Therefore, you should not deny yourself the pleasure, the main thing is to choose a comfortable posture that excludes pressure on the stomach and does not make too rough and active movements.

How many months in the 28th week of pregnancy

Pregnant women are looking forward to the long-awaited meeting with their baby, counting the days. Therefore, many are interested in which month corresponds to the 28th week?

There are different calculation methods, but to avoid confusion, gynecologists calculate the gestational age according to the obstetric method, starting from the first day of the woman's last menstruation. An obstetric month consists of 4 weeks or 28 days. Therefore, if you make calculations using this method, it turns out that 28 weeks is 7 full obstetric months of pregnancy.

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So the 28th week of pregnancy has come, there is very little left before the meeting with the baby. What happens during this period, how the child develops and possible problems.

What Happens at 28 Weeks of Pregnancy

Soon the third trimester of pregnancy, you are preparing to go on maternity leave. Many women already find it hard to work due to the rapid growth of the abdomen and various ailments. Although you are still leading your usual way of life, you should already be careful not to lift weights, not to do work that is tiring and makes you nervous.

Childbirth is approaching and you may be dreading the coming event. To get your anxiety under control, start preparing for childbirth now. Follow the link: Five Steps to Successful Childbirth >>>

You will find nutritional change recommendations for the best childbirth $
Essential actions required to create tranquility;
Breathing exercises.

What's going on with mom?

At 28 weeks gestation, the uterus rises 8 cm above the navel, and the length of the umbilical cord itself is between 30 and 60 cm. It contains the umbilical vein and two arteries;
The cervix during pregnancy at 28 weeks should be 35 mm, this is its permissible value. If you see a shortening of the neck on an ultrasound scan, then they will definitely send you for a consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist;
It is this week that fat begins to accumulate on the buttocks, abdomen and thighs, so you will have to control weight and carefully monitor the gains;
The kidneys and liver are already carrying a great load, as they remove the baby's metabolic products and you can hear from the doctor a ban on large volumes of drinking. Before implementing this recommendation, study the information well on this issue and read the article on the topic: Lingonberry leaf during pregnancy >>>;
In the presence of the Rh factor, you will be prescribed an additional blood test for antibodies, which will show if there is a conflict between the child and the mother. Also, read the article on the topic: What tests are taken during pregnancy? >>>);
From this period, you will have to visit a gynecologist twice a month, even if nothing bothers you;
At the 28th week of pregnancy, stretch marks may appear on the skin (current article: Stretch marks during pregnancy >>>), leg cramps, facial pigmentation, constipation, varicose veins, anemia, insomnia and heartburn;

Many of the problems in your condition are well-founded and natural. Many of these can be adjusted by changing your diet.

Step-by-step instructions on what your diet should be;
How to solve the most common problems of pregnancy not with pills, but with proper nutrition, you will find in the e-book Nutrition Secrets of a Future Mom >>>.

It is very important to monitor the placenta. If the placenta at 28 weeks of gestation has a thickness of less than 22 - 37 mm. - this is already a reason to think about your lifestyle.

Nutrition, physical activity, a good supply of oxygen to the body - all this allows you to maintain the placenta at a good level and make it possible to bring the child to term.

Know! There is no proven evidence that pills or injections can somehow affect the degree of aging of the placenta. Only a healthy lifestyle, in the broadest possible sense of the word, is able to slow down the process.

A low placenta during pregnancy at 28 weeks is not a cause for concern. This information will once again be confirmed by the doctor on an ultrasound scan at 32-33 weeks. Only then can we talk about low placentation and decide what type of delivery will be available for you: natural or cesarean section.

Baby development at 28 weeks gestation

At the 28th week of pregnancy, the weight of the fetus is about a kilogram, and the height is 33-34 cm;
The child continues to grow, the uterus clasps the baby tightly and it is this position that is the most comfortable and safe for him;
The child develops a certain mode in which he either pushes or sleeps, and you already feel these actions well;
From this week of pregnancy, the child feels and pulls the umbilical cord, he continues to develop tactile sensations, and the child also begins to recognize his mother's voice.

What happens to a baby at 28 weeks pregnant? What is characteristic of the development of the fetus during this period? The fetus at this time:

lungs continue to develop;
the adrenal glands begin to produce hormones;
sucking and grasping reflexes are formed;
During this period, the child gains weight and gains weight, accumulates fat;
His skin becomes soft and smooth, cilia lengthen, pigment appears that dyes hair, and nails grow actively;
Muscles finish developing, strength appears in them, bones begin to harden and accumulate calcium;
At 28 weeks of pregnancy, there is already a full-fledged person inside you;
During this period, the baby's brain becomes larger. On the surface of the brain, grooves and convolutions are already visible;
Movements become more active;
He knows how to close and open his eyes and blink;
The baby reacts with his heartbeat to the voice, the fetal heart rate is 150 beats per minute, and when he doesn't like something, the heartbeat increases, and when the voice is calm or the baby sleeps, the heart rate calms down;
From harsh sounds, the baby shudders, and from loud sounds, begins to actively move;

After the birth of a baby, many young dads joke that they hear in the cry of a child, notes of mom's displeasure during pregnancy.

The child already reacts to light, discerns emotions and feels pain;

It is very important to listen to fetal movements, since during this period the child is usually very active and any disturbance in movement should alert the expectant mother. In the morning, babies usually roll from side to side, and in the evening they begin to be more active.

There are situations when the child's activity increases:

the woman lies in a comfortable position, while the child is uncomfortable;
mom ate sweets (what is possible and what is undesirable to eat, learn from the article Sweet during pregnancy >>>);
the mother has overeat and she has discomfort in the intestines, which makes the child uncomfortable too;
Mom got scared or upset and the child got stress hormones.

Feelings in the body of the expectant mother

The uterus presses on nearby organs, causing pain and discomfort.

During this period, nausea may appear - late toxicosis, which is corrected by nutrition;
With a lack of vitamins and minerals, dizziness and weakness may appear. In this case, tests and certain treatment are prescribed;
The abdomen at 28 weeks of gestation may pull a little from the fact that training contractions appear. Due to the growth of the abdomen, lower back pain appears, which can radiate to the thigh, ankle or knee;
You need to pay attention to the discharge at the 28th week of pregnancy, they should not change and should be homogeneous. A woman should be alerted by the discharge:

Has a foul odor and unusual color, which could be a sign of infection
bloody, which signal placental abruption;
watery, which can mean leakage of amniotic fluid ..

Bloody discharge can be smearing, slight and profuse. Brown and scarlet in color.

Attention! If profuse bleeding occurs, you need to urgently call an ambulance, as this is the risk of premature birth.

With other bleeding, if the stomach hurts at the 28th week of pregnancy, this is also a threat to pregnancy.

Due to the fact that the uterus has grown, it began to press on the diaphragm, heaviness during breathing and shortness of breath appear.

Interesting! When the child moves a lot, stroke his belly and sing a song or read a story to him, the baby in the tummy will immediately calm down. Tested by many moms.

Examination of a pregnant woman and a child

At the 28th week of pregnancy, you can already actively prepare for childbirth.

This can be done both in face-to-face courses on preparation for childbirth, as well as using the opportunities of the modern world and taking courses online.

This is in many ways more convenient than face-to-face training, because:

no need to waste time on the road;
adjust your schedule to the class schedule;
experience fatigue and discomfort from prolonged sitting. At home, you turn on videos when it suits you, you can even with your spouse. Listen to theory and do practical exercises.

Our Easy Childbirth course will help you with this. Click on the link to see how detailed and extensive the program is for you: Easy Labor >>>.

During this period, a planned ultrasound is not performed, only according to indications, if there is any pathology or a problem with gestation.

However, this week, the gynecologist may prescribe a CTG of the fetus in order to exclude hypoxia from him. You should not immediately agree to this.

In general, each appointment must be accompanied by strict indications to it.

Know! The doctor can assess the efficiency of the fetal heart, its growth and development through external, visual examination and listening to the heartbeat with a stethoscope.

Narrow questions of pregnancy

The expectant mother, during the gestation period, may be alarmed by various aspects in life. She may be worried if a cold with a temperature, intimacy and alcohol will harm the child. Let's look at these issues together.

Colds and fever

A pregnant woman has weak immunity and is susceptible to viruses and colds, which are dangerous at any stage of pregnancy.

Treatment during this period is allowed only with drugs that are safe during gestation.

Can be treated with folk remedies. For this you need to drink:

tea with honey, raspberries and lindens;
warm green tea and cranberry juice;
warm milk.

Also useful:

gargle with chamomile and sea salt;
do inhalation;
ventilate the room and humidify it constantly.

If there is a temperature, it is necessary to draw up a temperature schedule, and it can only be brought down above 38 degrees with paracetamol.

In critical cases, the pregnant woman is placed in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor. In some cases, antibiotics are prescribed if they cannot be dispensed with. But they select those that are less harmful to the child.

It is very important to prevent colds. To do this, it is necessary, when planning pregnancy and during it, to carry out the following activities:

strengthen immunity;
pour a contrast shower;
do not freeze or overheat;
replenish the body with vitamin C;
walking more in the fresh air;
do not contact sick people.

Sex

As for intimate relationships during this period, they are not prohibited. If there is no threat of premature birth, then sex at the 28th week of pregnancy will add only positive emotions to the woman.

For a child, sexual contact has no influence, let alone harm. The main thing is to choose the right posture so as not to put pressure on your stomach. For such a case, a pose is suitable when a woman is on top or a man is on the side from behind.

During pregnancy, the sensitivity of a woman's breasts and body may change. Be sure to share this with your partner to correct your affection. Be sure to make yourself comfortable and comfortable during sexual intercourse.

Alcohol

Even during the planning of a child, a woman should take into account the fact that alcohol is prohibited during gestation. It has a bad effect on the development of the unborn child and his health.

The alcohol that the mother drinks crosses the placenta in full and gets to the fetus. Then this ethyl alcohol begins to influence the embryo, leading to very bad consequences. Even the smallest dose of wine for a child can be fatal.

Lifestyle at 28 weeks gestation

Throughout pregnancy, a woman should observe the daily regimen, walk more, quit smoking and eat right and take care of her body. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Nutrition

Your diet should be varied, nutritious and non-harmful. Every day you need to eat meat and fish, dairy products and fruits with vegetables (read the current article

The 28th week of pregnancy is the seventh obstetric month and the very beginning of the third trimester, that is, most of the gestation period has been left behind. The belly continues to grow, although by this time it has already reached an impressive size. The expectant mother has very little time to prepare for the meeting with the baby.

Fetal development at 28 weeks gestation

Not a single day goes by for the fetus at this time without some kind of "improvement." The baby continues to actively prepare for the upcoming birth. At this time, his body weight is about 1.5 kg or more. Moreover, weight is gained due to the formation of subcutaneous fat as well. Growth reaches 38.5 cm.

The fetal skeletal system becomes stronger.

Alveoli form in the lungs, which will allow the baby to breathe on its own.

The baby's brain is developing intensively, new grooves and convolutions are formed in it.

The skin of the crumbs begins to smooth out gradually.

At this time, the child opens his eyes for the first time. They will be blue in color, but over time, the shade may change. The baby's eyes are already bordered with eyelashes, which, like the hair on the head, continue to grow rapidly.

The child already hears very well. He can distinguish between familiar voices and sounds, give a reaction to them. For example, with loud music, the baby begins to move more actively, and, hearing the calm voice of the mother, he calms down.

Although the child at this time in the uterus becomes a little cramped, its activity does not decrease. It makes itself felt not only during the day, but also at night.

How does a woman feel at 28 weeks?

During this period, a woman must definitely feel the movements of the child. They are quite active and regular. It is important not only to enjoy every movement of the crumbs, but also to track them. This is especially true for the morning and evening time.

Most often, the most active fetal movement is observed in the evening. During the day, the baby is usually rocked by the measured movements of the mother. However, as soon as she lies down, the baby begins to take action.

Perhaps an increase in the child's activity after the woman has taken food. This is a natural reaction of the fetus to an increase in the mother's blood glucose level. In a similar way, the baby reacts to the adrenaline rush, which always occurs against the background of emotional overexcitement or stress.

If we take the average statistics, then the fetus at 28 weeks of gestation makes about 10 movements in 10 minutes. However, some children are more active and some less. Therefore, the norm is considered to be 10 or more movements per hour. If there are fewer of them, then you should consult your doctor about this. When there are no movements at all throughout the day, an urgent need to consult a doctor.

What happens to the belly?

The woman continues to "round", her belly already looks big enough. At this time, the skin on it is strongly stretched, which can provoke an itching sensation. If the abdomen quickly increases in size, then crimson stripes may appear on it - these are striae (). Getting rid of them in the future will be very problematic, so it is easier to prevent their occurrence. For this purpose, you can use special creams, lotions and gels. Oils and mixtures thereof also work well against stretch marks. You can use coconut oil, olive oil, almond oil in various combinations.

Uterus

The uterus continues to grow and may begin to contract slightly. This is expressed in the appearance of a feeling of slight tension in the lower abdomen, which is sometimes accompanied by mild pain. You should not worry too much about this, in this way the body trains and prepares for the upcoming birth. However, if the pain becomes more intense, bloody discharge appears, the duration of the contractions increases, then an ambulance must be called.

Now the uterus is normally 8 cm above the navel and 28 cm above the pubic articulation. This is not the limit, as the child grows, it will rise even higher.

A woman at 28 weeks pregnant may experience various pains. First of all, discomfort occurs in the lumbar region and in the back. Such pains are caused by increased load on the spinal column, as well as softening of the joints and ligaments before the upcoming birth.

Sometimes the pain starts in the back, extends to the hip, and reaches the knee. This is due to the fact that the enlarged uterus compresses the sciatic nerve. In this case, the pain occurs periodically and is not too intense.

An immediate ambulance call requires the appearance of sharp and intense pain in the lumbar region, which proceeds as contractions. Such sensations may indicate a premature onset of labor.

Periodically, a woman may experience pain in the abdomen. They need to be treated carefully.

Depending on the nature and location of pain, they may be due to the following reasons:

Sharp, but instantly passing pain in the right hypochondrium is due to the active movements of the child.

Dull pain in the right side, which appears several hours after eating, may indicate gallstone disease or. Especially when symptoms such as belching, nausea, pulling feeling in the lower abdomen occur in parallel.

Leg pain caused by muscle spasm may indicate a lack of calcium in the body. In this case, you need to see a doctor who can prescribe special medications. Massage of the legs and calf muscles allows you to relieve the condition.

Special attention should be paid to edema. Mild swelling can be a concern for almost every pregnant woman. Concern should be exercised when the swelling becomes severe. This may be the first sign of dropsy of pregnancy, which can later develop into gestosis. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor your diet, regularly monitor body weight gain. You may need to reduce your fluid intake.

If you have a tendency to edema, you need to drink about 1.5 liters of water per day. In order not to feel thirsty, you should give up foods that can provoke it. This applies to all salty, spicy and fried foods. Salt intake should also be limited. It is equally important to monitor the volume of urine excreted. Normally, more than the volume of fluid that came from the outside should be released per day.

Can labor start at 28 weeks gestation?

It sometimes happens that at 28 weeks, the baby decides to leave the mother's belly. In this case, labor is considered premature, although the fetus is already viable. Moreover, the probability of the child's survival is very high, but at the same time the woman in labor and the baby will need qualified medical care and connection to special equipment.

Often, childbirth at this time is of a rapid nature, which is not very good for the woman herself. Among the possible complications: weak labor, early discharge of amniotic fluid, bleeding during and after childbirth, trauma to the birth canal and cervix.

If a woman's contractions suddenly begin to intensify, one should not hesitate to see a doctor. The fact is that at the initial stages they can be stopped, which will allow the pregnancy to be carried before the due date.

What tests need to be done at 28 weeks?

At this time, the woman should visit the gynecologist's office, who will direct her to take the following tests:

General urine analysis;

Clinical blood test;

Blood sugar test;

A blood test for antibodies (subject to a negative Rh factor in a woman).

The latter analysis is necessary to identify the Rh-conflict, if any. Its timely diagnosis will avoid many complications of pregnancy. According to the testimony of a woman, the drug can be administered. Its action will be aimed at suppressing the production of specific antibodies that the mother's body can produce against the fetus.

The beginning of the third trimester must necessarily start with a visit to the gynecologist. Now visits to the doctor are increasing up to 2 times every 30 days. During each appointment, the woman receives a referral for urine tests (blood is taken for research as needed). Also, the doctor will definitely measure and control blood sugar levels. In this way, it will be possible to prevent the development of diabetes in the early stages.

Ultrasound at 28 weeks of gestation

If the pregnancy is normal, then no ultrasound is performed at 28 weeks. According to the plan, three ultrasound examinations are recommended: the second has already passed, and the time for the third has not yet come. Of course, in the presence of indications, an ultrasound scan can be performed, but the doctor must decide whether it is necessary.

Woman weight

Every day, starting from the first week of the third trimester, a woman will gain 50 g per day. Thanks to simple calculations, you can find out that the weekly weight gain is about 350 g. This is the average figure, which is in the normal range between 300-500 g. The total weight gain since the beginning of pregnancy will be equal to 8-10 kg. At the same time, you need to carefully monitor your weight and track it daily. It is best to get up on the scale every morning.

The way a woman eats and what is included in her menu affects the health of the child as a whole. Therefore, it is very important that the nutrients are supplied to the crumbs in the proper amount. A properly structured diet will not only allow you to better endure pregnancy, but also make it possible to facilitate the process of delivery.

It is necessary to take food in small portions, but often (up to 6 times a day). A woman should receive about 3000 kcal per day with the use of the most high-calorie food in the morning. The last meal should take place 2-3 hours before bedtime. Of course, if hunger is pursued, then you can muffle it with an apple, kefir, cottage cheese, milk, vegetable salad or other light foods.

We should also pay special attention to the amount of salt consumed. It must be limited in order to prevent it.

Avoiding the addition of extra pounds will allow the refusal to use sweets (chocolate, candies), baked goods based on white refined flour.

The more easily digestible carbohydrates a woman has, the higher her risk of developing diabetes during pregnancy. Therefore, you need to try to include foods that contain complex carbohydrates in your menu. They allow you to prevent a sharp jump in blood sugar and do not put stress on the pancreas. Among such products, almost all cereals, whole grains, bread based on coarse flour. It is imperative that the body receives a sufficient amount of fiber, which is found in abundance in vegetables and fruits. Thanks to this, it is possible to regulate the work of the gastrointestinal tract and normalize the digestive processes.

A woman has very few options as to what kind of discharge at 28 weeks of gestation can be considered normal. They should be light or milky in color, without impurities, with a slight sour smell.

It is imperative to consult a doctor if the discharge becomes cheesy, acquires a green, yellow or brown tint, blood or mucus appears in them. Infection may additionally be indicated by an itching and burning sensation in the intimate area.

Discharge with blood does not tolerate delay, the ambulance team must be called immediately. In this case, it does not matter if a woman has heavy bleeding or weak. Bloody discharge may indicate placental abruption or the onset of premature labor. All these conditions threaten the life of the child and the mother. It is necessary to contact the ambulance dispatching service even if the woman does not experience pain against the background of bleeding.

Watery discharge is also abnormal and often indicates amniotic fluid leakage. They can be released in small portions or poured out in large quantities. This happens due to a violation of the integrity of the fetal bladder, which requires medical attention.

Intimate life

If the pregnancy is going well, then it is allowed to have sex during this period. Intimacy can bring joy to a woman, improve her mood, and bring pleasure. It is now impossible to damage the fetus, provided both partners are careful. It is important to choose a position that does not allow pressure on the abdomen.

In the case when a doctor says that it is best to abstain from an intimate life, he has good reasons for this. It is imperative to follow the doctor's recommendations.

What dangers can lie in wait at the 28th week of pregnancy?

A woman becomes clumsy not only because of a growing belly, but also because of significant weight gain. Therefore, it is so important to be very careful to avoid injury.

During this time, many women begin to experience symptoms of anemia, as circulating blood volumes increase significantly and hemoglobin levels decrease.

Perhaps a woman will be worried about increased swelling in her arms and legs.

It is important to keep track of the number of movements the baby moves per hour. The norm is at least 10 jerks in 60 minutes.

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